Episode 7 – Pāpa ≠ Sin
Introduction
In most English dictionaries, sin is defined as a transgression of divine law, particularly within the Christian tradition. It implies a moral failing or offense against God’s commandments, often linked to guilt, punishment, and the need for redemption. The word sin has been commonly used to translate the Sanskrit word pāpa, but this is a misleading and inaccurate translation, as the concept of pāpa in Hindu thought is fundamentally different in origin, context, and purpose.
Origins of the Word
The English word “sin” comes from a Germanic root, used to describe violations of divine law. This concept entered the European lexicon around the 6th century CE, during the Christianization of Europe. In Judaism, sin is defined as a violation of the 613 commandments given in the Hebrew Bible, and in Christianity, this evolved to include violations of the Ten Commandments and church teachings. Sin, in this framework, is inherently theocentric, rooted in the idea of a covenant between God and the people (e.g., the covenant of circumcision with Abraham).
Why We Should Avoid Using the Word
Using “sin” to translate the Sanskrit word pāpa creates serious misunderstandings:
- In Abrahamic traditions, sin is a violation of God’s law, leading to divine judgment, punishment, or retribution.
- Hindu Dharma traditions do not have a concept of a contractual relationship with God, nor do they rely on a fixed legal code issued by a deity.
- Instead, Hindus are guided by ethical principles, social values, and community-defined standards, established through thoughtful deliberation and customary practices.
- Mistakes or wrongdoings in Hindu thought are addressed through accountability, restitution, and spiritual reflection, rather than retributive punishment.
The process focuses on healing and progress, both for the individual and anyone affected, through concepts like prāyaścitta (atonement) and karma-phala (consequences of actions).
What’s a Better Word or Translation
Rather than “sin,” the more accurate translations for pāpa include:
- Error or Mistake – the most literal and linguistically consistent.
- Bad judgment or harmful action – when contextual nuance is needed.
- Impeding action – actions that hold us back spiritually or ethically.
These alternatives maintain fidelity to Hindu worldviews, which emphasize learning, accountability, and spiritual growth, rather than divine offense and punishment.
